Shafi'ee Fiqh

The aadaab (etiquettes) of using the toilet and Istinjaa
1. I must cover my head and wear shoes or sandals.
2. I must read the dua before entering the toilet.
3. I must enter the toilet with the left foot.
4. I must take care that urine drops do not splash on my body and clothes.
5. I must sit and urinate.
6. Istinjaa means to clean oneself with water, mud pieces (lumps of sand) or toilet
paper after passing urine or stool.
7. I must use my left hand when making istinjaa.
8. I must leave the toilet with my right foot.
9. I must read the dua after leaving the toilet.

Don’ts of the toilet
1. Do not enter the toilet bareheaded.
2. Do not enter the toilet barefoot.
3. Do not face the Qiblah, or face your back towards the Qiblah while passing
urine or stool in an open place. If it is in a built toilet, it is not makrooh.
4. Do not eat, drink or talk in the toilet.
5. Do not read any books or newspapers in the toilet.
6. Do not read any dua or verse of the Qur’aan in the toilet.
Wudhu
1. “Wudhu is the key to salaah.”
2. “Wudhu is the weapon of a believer”
3. I must make wudhu before performing salaah.
4. I must make wudhu before touching the Qur’aan Shareef.

Faraa’idh of Wudhu
There are 6 faraaidh of wudhu:
1. The niyyah (intention of wudhu). The niyyah must be made before washing the
face.
2. Washing the entire face i.e. from above the forehead to beneath the chin and
from one earlobe to the other at least once.
3. Washing both arms including the elbows once.
4. Masah of the head i.e. to pass a wet hand over the head. The masah should be
done on at least one strand of hair. The hair on which masah is made should be
part of the head and not on the fringe or on hair hanging at the nape.
5. Washing both feet including the ankles once.
6. Tarteeb (sequence). This means to make the above five faraa’idh in the exact
order mentioned above.
Sunnan of Wudhu
There are 15 sunan in wudhu:
1. To recite Tasmiyah.
2. To wash the hands till the wrists.
3. To brush the teeth with a Miswaak. However, if one is fasting, it will be
makrooh to use the miswaak after zawaal.
4. To gargle
5. To gargle thoroughly (if one is not fasting).
6. To pass water into the nostrils.
7. To make khilaal of the beard if it is thick.
8. To make masah of the entire head (not only a few strands of hair).
9. To make masah of the ears.
10. To wash each part thrice.
11. To wash the right first and then the left.
12. To wash more than the required amount e.g. to wash the arms pass the elbows
and to wash the feet above the ankles, etc.
13. To wash one part immediately after the other, before the previous part dries.
14. To perform wudhu by yourself, without taking assistance from anyone, unless
necessary.
15. To face the Qiblah after completing wudhu and recite Kalimah Shahaadah and
the du’aa after wudhu.
Note: It is sinful to habitually neglect the sunan of wudhu. The full reward and
virtues can only be gained by properly carrying out the sunan.
Mustahabbaat of Wudhu
There are 6 mustahabbaat of wudhu:
1. To face the Qiblah during wudhu.
2. To say the Niyyah verbally, not only in the heart and to say it at the beginning of
wudhu.
3. To use only the required amount of water.
4. If one is wearing a ring, bangle, etc. to rotate them so that the water reaches
beneath them. If they are tight and water cannot reach beneath it, it will be
compulsory to remove the ring.
5. To make khilaal of the fingers and toes.
6. To let the body parts that were washed during wudhu dry naturally without using
a towel, unless one fears becoming sick.
Note: The mustahabbaat of wudhu should not be neglected. By observing the
mustahabbaat of wudhu, one’s thawaab (eternal reward) will increase.

Makroohaat of Wudhu
There are 8 makroohaat of wudhu:
1. To wash the left limbs before the right.
2. To take assistance from anyone while making wudhu for no valid reason.
3. To waste water even if there is plenty available. (e.g. sea, river, etc.)
4. To wash any part more than three times.
5. To speak of worldly affairs during wudhu.
6. To perform wudhu in a najis (impure) place.
7. To clean the nose with the right hand.
8. To splash water forcefully onto the face.
Note: Committing a makrooh act decreases the thawaab (reward) of wudhu.

Factors that break wudhu
The factors that break wudhu are called Nawaaqidh. If anyone of the following
occurs, wudhu breaks.
There are 9 nawaaqidh of wudhu:
1. Passing of urine, stool, blood, pus, etc. from any of the private parts.
2. Passing of wind from either the back or front passages.
3. Sleeping. However, if one sleeps in such a position that the buttocks are placed
firmly on the ground, wudhu will not break.
4. Becoming insane.
5. Becoming drunk.
6. Becoming unconscious.
7. Fainting.
8. Touching the front or hind private parts with the palm or the inside of the fingers
even if it is the private parts of another child or person.
9. Touching of the skin of a strange man by a woman or a woman by a man, even if
it is husband or wife.
Without wudhu, one will not be allowed to do the following:
1. Touch or hold the Qur’aan Shareef.
2. Perform salaah.
3. Perform sajdah-e-tilaawat.
4. Perform tawaaf.
Sunnah method of wudhu
1. Sit on a raised place and face the Qiblah
2. Recite ta`awwuz
2. Recite tasmiyyah and the du’aa before wudhu
3. Make the niyyah.
4. Wash both the hands till the wrist thrice.
5. Use a miswaak to brush the teeth (not a fasting person after zawaal).
6. Wash the mouth and nose in the following manner. Take a handful of water.
From the handful take some of that water into the mouth and gargle, and from
the same handful take the rest of the water into the nose and clean it with the
little finger of the left hand. Repeat this another two times i.e all together three
times
7. Repeat the niyyah then wash the face thrice. The beard must also be washed. If
the beard is thick then the top of the beard should be washed. If it is thin, the skin
underneath the beard must also be washed. The eyebrows, moustache and side
burns must also be thoroughly washed. Khilaal of the beard should be made with
fresh water.
8. Wash the arms beginning with the right and then the left, thrice. Begin washing
from the fingertips till above the elbows. Make khilaal of the fingers.
9. Make masah of the head. Wet both hands and place them on the front of the
head. Pull the hands from the front to the back and back to the front again. This
should be done thrice.
10. Wet the hands and make masah of the outside and inside of the ears thrice. Use
the forefinger for the inside of the ear and the thumb for the outside.
11. Wash the feet beginning with the right and then the left thrice. Wash till above
the ankles. Make Khilaal of the toes.
12. Recite the Kalimah Shahaadah and the dua after Wudhu.
This is the Sunnah method of performing Wudhu
Faraa’idh of Ghusal(Take Bath)
1. To make niyyah (intention) for ghusal.
2. To wet the entire body at least once.

The Sunan and Mustahabbaat of Ghusal
1. To make wudhu.
2. To wash each part of the body thrice.
3. To begin washing from the right side.
4. To perform ghusal without taking help from anyone unless necessary.
5. To let the body parts dry naturally without using a towel unless one fears
becoming sick.
6. To recite the Kalimah Shahaadat after ghusal.
7. To wash the limbs of the body in quick succession (the second limb should be
washed before the first limb becomes dry).
The Sunnah method of Ghusal
1. Recite tasmiyyah.
2. Make the niyyah for ghusal.
3. Wash the private parts and wash off any impurities that are on the body.
4. Perform Wudhu.
5. Repeat the niyyah for ghusal when beginning to wash the body.
6. Pour water over the entire body in the following manner:
a) Pour water over the head thrice and rub the hair, head and beard.
b) Pour water over the right shoulder thrice and rub the body.
c) Pour water over the left shoulder thrice and rub the body
Salaah
1. Salaah is a special type of worship taught to us by Rasulullah .
2. Allah  has made five salaah fardh upon every adult male and female daily. It is
a major sin to neglect salaah.
3. Salaah should be performed in its proper time. It is also a major sin to delay the
salaah.
The Five Daily Salaah are:
1. FAJR
2. ZUHR
3. ASR
4. MAGHRIB
5. ESHA
Adhaan
1. Adhaan is called out for the five daily salaah and for Salaatul Jumu’aah.
2. The person who calls the adhaan is called a mu’adh’dhin.
3. The purpose of the adhaan is to remind and call the people to the masjid for salaah.
The conditions of Salaah
There are 8 conditions of salaah which have to be met before performing Salaah. If
any of them is not met, the Salaah will not be valid.
The 8 conditions of salaah are as follows:
1) Islam. A person has to be a Muslim for the Salaah to be valid.
2) The body of the Mussalli (a person performing Salaah) must be Taahir (clean).
3) The clothes must be Taahir (clean).
4) The place where Salaah is being performed must be Taahir (clean).
5) The Musalli must know the correct time for Salaah.
6) The Aurah i.e. the private portion must be covered. The Aurah of a male is
between the navel and the knees. The Aurah of a female is the whole body
except the hands and face.
7) The Musalli must face the Qiblah.
8) Itmeenaan - to perform every posture with ease. i.e. to wait for the duration it
takes to say Subhaanallah at least once, in each posture before going to the next
posture.
The Method of performing a two rakaat salaah.
1. Ensure that all the Shuroot (conditions) are fulfilled.
2. Make the Niyyah of the Salaah that you are about to perform e.g. I am performing
two Rakaats Sunnah Salaah of Fajr for Allah .
3. Face the feet towards the Qiblah with the space of approximately 20cm in between.
4. Lift the hands to the shoulders in such a manner that the fingers are slightly apart
and the palms are facing Qibla. When lifting the hands keep the elbows away from
the sides.
Say Takbeeratul Ihraam, i.e. ‫االله ُ َاكبر‬
‫ ْ‬
5.
Fold the hands above the navel but below the chest in such a manner that the right
6.
hand is grasping the left forearm.
7. Keep your gaze on the place of Sajdah, i.e. the place where your head will rest in
Sajdah.
Recite the Duaa-ul-Istiftaah:
8.
‫ ما َأأنا من‬ ‫ حنيفا مسلما‬‫ض‬‫ وا ْلار‬‫ السموت‬‫ فطر‬‫ل َّذي‬ ‫وجهت وجهي‬
  ‫ َ‬‫ل ً و م‬  ‫ف ً‬ ‫ ِ‬
 ‫ َ‬‫ ٰ و‬ ‫ َ َ‬ ‫ ل‬ ‫ ِ‬     
‫س‬
‫ لا َ‬‫ن‬‫ ِاللهِ ر ّ ِ ال ْعال َمي‬‫تي‬‫ما‬‫ م‬‫ و‬‫ محياي‬‫ و‬‫نسكي‬ ‫ و‬‫تي‬‫ن ِإن صلو‬‫ا ْلمشركي‬
 ‫ب ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬    ‫ َّ ص‬  ‫ ِ‬ 


.‫ن‬‫ ا ْلمسلمي‬‫ َأأنا من‬‫ و‬ ‫ ُامر‬‫لك‬‫ و ِببذ‬ ‫ َل‬‫يك‬‫شر‬  ‫ ِ ه‬
     ‫ت َ َ‬ 
Recite Ta’awwudh and Tasmiyyah followed by Surah Faatiha.
9.
Ta’awwudh
‫طان الرجيم‬‫ الشي‬‫ َأعو ُ ِببااللهِ من‬
‫ ِ‬‫ ِ‬  ‫ ط‬  ‫ َ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
I seek protection in Allah  from shaytaan, the rejected.
Tasmiyyah:
‫م‬‫ ِبسم االله الرحمن الرحي‬
‫ ِ‬  ‫ح ِ‬ ِ ‫ ِ‬ 
In the name of Allah  the Most Kind, the Most Merciful.
Say Aameen at the end of Surah Faatiha. Thereafter recite Tasmiyyah followed by
10.
a Surah. If you are reciting from anywhere other than the beginning of a Surah, do
not recite Tasmiyyah.
11. Proceed to Ruku in the following manner: lift the hands to the shoulders, say
Takbeer and go into the Ruku position. Hold the knees with your hands and keep
your gaze between the feet. Keep the back and head straight in line.
12. Recite the Tasbeeh of Ruku at least thrice:
‫ ا ْلعظيم ِ‬‫سبحان َ رّ ِبي‬
    ‫ح‬ 
Glory be to My Lord, the Great and all praise is for Him.
When standing erect from Ruku, say the Tasmee’ of Ruku while getting up and
13.
also lift the hands to the shoulders. When standing erect from Ruku keep the gaze
in the place of Sujood. Tasmee of ruku:
‫ حمده‬‫لمن‬ ُ ‫ االله‬‫سمع‬
  
Allah  has heard he who has praised Him.
Thereafter say the tahmeed:
 ‫ ا ْلحم‬‫ َلك‬‫بنا و‬‫ ر‬ ‫ َاالله‬
‫د‬  ‫ ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ ّ‬

O Allah ! Our Sustainer! Unto You belongs all praise.
Say the takbeer and go into sajdah. First place the knees and then the hands and
14.
then the nose and forehead on the ground. Do not lift them off the ground during
sajdah. Keep the arms separated from the sides of the body. Do not rest the arms
on the ground. Recite the tasbeeh of sajdah at least three times.
‫ ْالاعلى‬‫سبحان َ رّ ِبي‬
‫ َع‬ ‫ح‬ 
Glory be to My Lord, the Most High and Praised.
Get up saying the takbeer and sit between the two sajdahs. Sit with the left foot
15.
under the buttocks. Keep the right foot upright in such a manner that the toes are
facing qiblah. This sitting position is called iftiraash. Place the hands on the
thighs just above the knees.
Recite the tasbeeh of Jalsah:
16.
‫ وارزقن ِي‬‫ واهد ِني‬‫ واجبر ِنى‬‫عافن ِي‬‫ و‬‫من ِي‬‫ وارح‬‫لي‬‫ اغفر‬  ‫ َاالل‬
 ‫ ْ‬  ‫ و‬  ‫ و‬  ‫ و‬ ‫ ع‬  ‫ و‬  ‫ ّهم ْ‬
O Allah , forgive me, have mercy on me, grant me safety, guide me and provide me with sustenance.
After completing the second sajdah, say the takbeer and sit for a short while
17.
again. This is called Jalsatul Istiraahah.
18. Wake up for the second rakaat by placing the hands on the ground and pushing
oneself upwards.
19. Begin the second rakaat with ta’awwudh and tasmiyyah. Do not recite the dua of
istiftaah. Complete this rakaat in the same way as was done in the first rakaat.
After the second sajdah of this rakaat, sit in such a manner that the buttocks are
now on the ground, the left foot pushed out on the right side and the right foot
upright with the toes facing the qiblah. This sitting position is called tawarruk.
The hands must be placed on the thighs near the knees. The left hand should be
kept flat but the right hand will be held closed except for the forefinger extended
resting on the thumb.
Recite the tashahud, point the forefinger towards the qiblah when saying
20.
‘Ash’had al’laailaaha il’lal’laahu’ and keep the finger suspended till the end of
the salaah. Keep the forefinger still. Do not move or shake it.
Tashahhud
‫يها النب ِي ورحمة‬‫ل ّه َاالسلام عليك َا‬ ‫ َاالتحيات ا ْلمباركات الصلوت الطيبات‬
‫ ُ‬      ‫ ه‬  ‫ َ‬  ‫ َ‬  ‫ ل‬ ‫ َّّ ِب‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ك‬ ‫ب‬  ‫ي‬ 
  ‫ َ‬ ‫ َ‬ 
ُ ‫ا َّ االله‬ ‫االه‬ ‫ َان ْ َّ‬ ‫ َاشه‬‫ن‬‫حي‬‫ االلهِ الصال‬‫على عباد‬‫نا و‬‫ علي‬ ‫ َاالسلا‬ ‫ت‬‫بركا‬‫االلهِ و‬
‫د لا لا‬    ‫ص‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ َ ن ع‬ ‫ َم‬ ‫ك َ ه‬ 
 
ِ‫ َا َّ محمدا الرسو ُ االله‬ ‫و َاشه‬
‫ل‬   ‫د‬   ‫د ن‬  
Recite the durood
‫ وعلى آل ِ‬‫م‬‫براهي‬‫ا‬ ‫ كما صليت على‬‫ وعلى آل ِ محمد‬‫ ص ّ ِ على محمد‬ ‫ َاالله‬
‫ع‬  ‫ ع ر‬  ‫ َّ‬ ‫ َم‬  
 ‫ع‬    ‫ل ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ ّ‬
‫ وعلى‬‫م‬‫براهي‬‫ا‬ ‫بباركت على‬ ‫ وعلى آل محمد كما‬‫ على محمد‬‫ببارك‬ ‫ و‬‫م‬‫براهي‬‫ا‬
‫ع‬  ‫ ع ر‬ ‫ ْ‬ ‫ َم‬    ‫ ِ‬ ‫ع‬    ‫ ِ ع‬  ‫ر‬
 
 ‫ مجي‬ ‫نك حمي‬‫ا‬ ‫براهيم في ا ْلعال َمين‬‫ا‬ ‫آل‬
‫ ِ د‬ ‫ د‬     ‫ ع‬    ‫ ِ ر‬
 
Recite the dua after the durood.
21.
Make the salaam to the right and then to the left.
22.
The two rakaat salaah is now complete.